People who've had COVID-19 are highly unlikely to contract it again for at least six months after the first infection, according to a British study of healthcare workers on the frontline of fight against the coronavirus pandemic.
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The findings should offer some reassurance for the more than 51 million people worldwide who have been infected with the pandemic disease, researchers at the University of Oxford said.
"This is really good news, because we can be confident that, at least in the short term, most people who get COVID-19 won't get it again," said David Eyre, a professor at Oxford's Nuffield Department of Population Health, who co-led the study.
Senior World Health Organisation officials welcomed the study's findings.
"We are seeing sustained levels of immune response in humans so far," Mike Ryan, WHO's top emergency expert, told a news conference on Friday.
"It also gives us hope on the vaccine side."
Maria van Kerkhove, WHO's technical lead on COVID-19, added: "We still need to follow these individuals for a longer period of time to see how long immunity lasts."
Isolated cases of re-infection with COVID-19, the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, had raised concerns that immunity might be short-lived and that recovered patients may swiftly fall sick again.
But the results of this study, carried out in a cohort of UK healthcare workers - who are among those at highest risk of contracting COVID-19 - suggest cases of reinfection are likely to remain extremely rare.
"Being infected with COVID-19 does offer protection against re-infection for most people for at least six months," Eyre said.
"We found no new symptomatic infections in any of the participants who had tested positive for antibodies."
The study, part of a major staff testing program, covered a 30-week period between April and November 2020.
Its results have not peer-reviewed by other scientists but were published before review on the MedRxiv website.
During the study, 89 of 11,052 staff without antibodies developed a new infection with symptoms while none of the 1246 staff with antibodies developed a symptomatic infection.
Staff with antibodies were also less likely to test positive for COVID-19 without symptoms, the researchers said, with 76 without antibodies testing positive, compared to only three with antibodies.
Those three were all well and did not develop COVID-19 symptoms, they added.
"We will continue to follow this cohort of staff carefully to see how long protection lasts and whether previous infection affects the severity of infection if people do get infected again," Eyre said.
The number of coronavirus cases in Europe since the start of the pandemic surpassed 15 million on Friday, according to a Reuters tally, as the continent reports a million new infections about every four days.
With just one-tenth of the world's population, Europe accounts for 26 per cent of the global case load and 25 per cent of the deaths worldwide.
Of every 100 infections last reported worldwide, about 39 were reported from countries in Europe.
France surpassed Russia to become the worst-affected country in the region, ranking only behind the United States, India and Brazil.
Germany reported a record high number of new cases on Friday, upping the pressure for stricter restrictions to tame a second wave before Christmas.
India's total number of coronavirus cases crossed the 9 million mark on Friday, with the capital New Delhi continuing to report rising cases despite a country-wide downward trend of daily infections.
Globally, more than 57.06 million people have been reported to be infected by the coronavirus and 1,362,744 have died.
Australian Associated Press