The national transport safety investigator is looking into the Kembla Grange derailment.
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The Australian Transport Safety Bureau said it had assigned the derailment to the Office of Transport Safety Investigations.
While police are in charge of any criminal investigations over the derailment, the OTSI will be assessing any safety issues that may have contributed to the incident.
"The transport safety investigation will focus on the rail system design including the road rail interface, emergency egress and crashworthiness, and is separate to any police investigation into how the vehicle came to be left on the level crossing," an ATSB spokesman said.
"As part of the investigation, transport safety investigators will examine the accident site, analyse available recorded data, and interview involved parties."
A report will be published after the investigation is complete.
However, the spokesman said if "critical safety issues" were identified at any stage immediate action would be taken.
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